$$ \newcommand{\floor}[1]{\left\lfloor{#1}\right\rfloor} \newcommand{\ceil}[1]{\left\lceil{#1}\right\rceil} \renewcommand{\mod}{\,\mathrm{mod}\,} \renewcommand{\div}{\,\mathrm{div}\,} \newcommand{\metar}{\,\mathrm{m}} \newcommand{\cm}{\,\mathrm{cm}} \newcommand{\dm}{\,\mathrm{dm}} \newcommand{\litar}{\,\mathrm{l}} \newcommand{\km}{\,\mathrm{km}} \newcommand{\s}{\,\mathrm{s}} \newcommand{\h}{\,\mathrm{h}} \newcommand{\minut}{\,\mathrm{min}} \newcommand{\kmh}{\,\mathrm{\frac{km}{h}}} \newcommand{\ms}{\,\mathrm{\frac{m}{s}}} \newcommand{\mss}{\,\mathrm{\frac{m}{s^2}}} \newcommand{\mmin}{\,\mathrm{\frac{m}{min}}} \newcommand{\smin}{\,\mathrm{\frac{s}{min}}} $$

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Working with Blocks from the Led Category

In this part we will get to know the blocks from the category led, as well as how we can define the location of the LED on the screen, so we can turn them on based on their position on the screen.

The Cartesian coordinate system is used in mathematics to define the position of points in a plane. In the Cartesian coordinate system, there are two coordinate axes defined: x and y.

The screens of the Micro:bit and the MakeCode simulation use this system to define the position of LEDs on the screen. The x and y axes form a 5 x 5 grid, the grid of rows and columns, where there are 5 LEDs on the horizontal axes, coordinate axis x (row), and 5 LEDs on the vertical axes, coordinate axis y (column). The upper left corner has the coordinates (0,0), while the values of the x coordinate range from 0 to 4, and they increase by 1 from left to right; the values of the y coordinate range from 0 to 4, and they increase by 1 from top to bottom. For example, if the LED is located in the first row and in the third column, its coordinates are (0,2).

_images/p25.png

Create a program, which will turn on the LED with the coordinates (3,3).

Drag the block plot from the category led into the block onstart, which is already on the work surface.

The final look of the code:

_images/p29.png

To test the program, we will run it in the simulator by clicking the play button.

    Q-6: Look carefully at the block.

    _images/p31.png

    Which LED will be lit on the screen after the program has started running?

    _images/p30.png
  • LED on the simulator A.
  • The answer is correct!
  • LED on the simulator B.
  • The answer is not correct!
  • LED on the simulator C.
  • The answer is not correct!

If we want to turn off the LED, we will use the block unplot, in which we will define the position (coordinates) of the LED we want to turn off. In other words, we define the x and the y coordinates of the LED.

Task. Have all the LEDs turned on at the beginning of the program. When the user presses button A, the LEDs located in the corners of the screen will be turned off.

You can compare your solution with ours: https://makecode.microbit.org/_4e6RXM5FmA8M

Task. Create a program, which will simulate traffic lights by alternately switching on and off the LEDs located in the third row and the second, third and fourth column.

Little help: As the traffic lights turn on and off at certain intervals (let’s say 1 second), you should use the block pause to define that interval.

You can compare your solution with ours: https://makecode.microbit.org/_TRPRj98xj2Ap

The toogle block is the block used to turn on the LED if it is turned off, or to turn it off if it is on. Of course, in this block, we need to set the values ​​for the x and y coordinates.

    Q-7: Look carefully at the block.

    _images/p32.png

    What will be displayed after the running of the blocks presented above?

  • The light will turn off after 1 millisecond.
  • The answer is not correct!
  • The light will turn on and off every 1 millisecond.
  • The answer is correct!
  • The light will turn on after 1 millisecond.
  • The answer is not correct!

Addition: To analyze the input data (graphically), in our case, the light level, we can use the block plotbar where we will enter the initial and the final value of the interval that should be analyzed.

In our case, the initial value will be the block level (which stores the value of the light sensor reading), and the final value will be 255 because the amount of measured light ranges from 0 to 255.

The block plotbar is dragged into the block forever from the category Basic.

The look of the block:

_images/p34.png

To test the program, we will run it in the simulator by clicking the play button.

In this case, we will open the simulator, which displays the data as a graph.

_images/p37.png _images/p38.png

This simulator will run until we stop it by clicking the stop button. If we want to download the collected input data, we can download it to our computer in the .csv format, by clicking the preuzmi button. This document contains columns with time (in milliseconds) and measured light level.